In the past few days, Russia has launched a series of massive strikes against Ukraine, signaling a replenishment of its missile stockpiles and raising questions about the effectiveness of Western sanctions. Intelligence reports suggest that Russia is targeting a new batch of critical targets amidst concerns about its production capabilities and sustainability.

Last Friday's attack, described as the deadliest aerial strike of the war, involved 158 missiles and drones, resulting in a death toll of at least 39 people. This was followed by another attack on Tuesday, where Russia launched over 130 missiles, including 10 Kinzhal missiles, along with drones. Ukrainian air defenses, including US-made Patriot systems, were successful in intercepting the majority of the incoming threats.

According to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Russia has launched about 500 missiles and drones since last Friday, indicating a significant escalation in the conflict. The sheer number of weapons used raises concerns about Russia's stockpiles and production capabilities.

Experts at the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) suggest that Russia's recent strikes are a result of months of experimentation with various drone and missile combinations. While Russia is likely to continue conducting large-scale strikes to overwhelm Ukrainian defenses, it is unclear if their current reserves and production rates can sustain these attacks in the long term.

Recent reports indicate that Russia has heavily invested in its missile production capabilities, despite the impact of Western sanctions imposed after its full-scale invasion in February 2022. The mobilization of the defense industry for wartime production, paired with partnerships with nations like North Korea and Iran, has allowed Russia to increase its production of long-range munitions.

However, concerns remain among Ukrainian officials about Russia's increasing investment in missile production. With debates about future aid and potential strains on current defenses, Ukraine fears that Russia may attempt to exhaust their air defenses while their replenishment capabilities are compromised.

The recent air assaults carried out by Russia highlight a shift in strategy, with a focus on targeting Ukraine's defense industry. The UK Ministry of Defense noted that Russia may recognize the importance of relative defense industrial capacity as they prepare for a prolonged war.

As Russia continues its air strikes, the effectiveness of Ukraine's defenses and the need for ongoing Western support become crucial factors that will determine the outcome of the conflict. The urgency for Western nations to support Ukraine, as emphasized by President Zelenskyy, is amplified by Russia's renewed military campaigns and the changing dynamics on the ground.