### The Hidden Dangers of Alcohol Consumption: A Closer Look at Cancer Risks

Despite increasing evidence of alcohol's adverse effects on health, many Americans remain unaware of its connection to cancer. A recent report by the American Association for Cancer Research highlights that excessive alcohol consumption can elevate the risk for six types of cancer. Dr. Céline Gounder, a CBS News medical contributor, explained that chronic inflammation and changes to the microbiome are among the mechanisms through which alcohol boosts cancer risk.

The threshold for "excessive levels of alcohol," according to Dr. Gounder, is about three or more drinks per day for women and four or more for men. A standard alcoholic drink, containing 14 grams (or 0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol, equates to 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or a 1.5-ounce shot of 80-proof distilled spirits. However, Dr. Gounder emphasized that there is no "safe amount" of alcohol, particularly for those with pre-existing medical conditions.

Dr. Amy Commander, medical director at Mass General Cancer Center, points out that alcohol is the third leading modifiable risk factor for cancer, following cigarette smoking and excess body weight. She stresses the importance of being mindful about alcohol consumption, noting that while it may be challenging for some to abstain completely, reducing intake is crucial.

The health implications of alcohol are not limited to cancer risk. Dr. Angela Tatiana Alistar from Morristown Medical Center indicated that alcohol affects all organs, particularly the liver, where it can cause hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and potentially liver cancer. It also impacts brain functions like cognition, coordination, and emotional regulation, and can lead to acute and chronic dependence, hampering social and mental well-being.

While some studies suggest potential benefits of red wine as part of the Mediterranean diet, Dr. Commander warns that any potential health halo around red wine does not diminish its status as an alcoholic beverage, which carries inherent risks. Although cancers are complex and involve multiple factors, alcohol is a significant piece of the prevention puzzle.

There has been a notable 33% reduction in overall cancer deaths from 1991 to 2021, according to the latest Cancer Progress Report. While this is a hopeful sign, alcohol consumption remains one of many modifiable risk factors for cancer. Other factors include smoking, excess body weight, physical inactivity, and diet. Preventative measures such as using sunscreen and getting the HPV vaccine are also emphasized by health experts.

Recognizing that social scenarios often involve alcohol, Dr. Alistar encourages open conversations about the health impacts of alcohol within families and social circles. She advocates for a balanced approach, acknowledging that occasional celebratory drinks can be acceptable if generally complemented by a healthy lifestyle. Reducing alcohol intake, alongside other healthy behaviors, can significantly cut the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases.