UMass Amherst researchers have successfully detected the emerging Powassan virus using real-time testing during a tick survey conducted in various parts of Massachusetts. The team employed a new "Triplex Real-Time PCR" method that proved to be more accurate in identifying ticks infected with the Powassan virus as compared to the standard testing procedure. The survey, carried out in regions including Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard, yielded alarming results, with 33 out of 819 ticks (4.03%) testing positive for the virus.

The Powassan virus poses a significant concern in New England, with potentially severe symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, and weakness. In severe cases, the virus can lead to brain infection and meningitis, affecting approximately 1 in 10 infected individuals. In 2023, Massachusetts accounted for the highest number of reported Powassan virus cases in the United States, with a total of 10 out of 44 human cases. Middlesex County recorded the highest number of cases, followed by Essex, Norfolk, Barnstable, and Hampshire counties.

According to Stephen Rich, a vector-borne disease expert and professor of microbiology at UMass Amherst, the development of sensitive detection methods is crucial for effectively combating the spread of Powassan virus. False positives during surveillance efforts can complicate the tracking and monitoring of infected ticks. "The development of sensitive detection methods for diagnostics and surveillance is critical," said Rich, who is the principal investigator and executive director of the New England Regional Center of Vector-Borne Diseases (NEWVEC).

During the survey, the researchers discovered pockets of high incidence of Powassan virus within the surveyed areas. The virus was found in four out of six sites in Cape Cod and two out of seven sites in Martha's Vineyard. Notably, more than 10% of the infected ticks were collected from Truro on Cape Cod. Accurate and sensitive testing of ticks is paramount in assessing the areas and periods of highest risk for exposure to the Powassan virus.

As a preventative measure, individuals are advised to take precautions to protect themselves from tick bites. This includes checking for ticks on themselves, their pets, and children after hiking or spending time outdoors. Wearing insect repellent containing DEET and tucking clothes in, such as pulling socks over pants, can also help reduce the risk of tick bites.

The alarming findings from the UMass Amherst tick survey serve as a timely reminder for residents of Massachusetts to remain vigilant and take appropriate measures to avoid exposure to the Powassan virus during tick season.