###

Millions of American adults might be erroneously diagnosed with high blood pressure due to improper measurement techniques, according to the American Heart Association and other medical experts. Approximately 54 million adults in the U.S. could be affected by these inaccuracies, which can arise from deviations from standard protocols during readings.

For an accurate blood pressure reading, patients must follow a specific set of guidelines. This includes avoiding food, drinks, exercise, and smoking for at least 30 minutes prior to the reading, as well as ensuring an empty bladder. Patients should sit upright in a chair with back support, legs uncrossed, and feet flat on the ground. The arm being measured should be at heart level and supported on a flat surface. Patients need to sit quietly for five minutes before the reading, and the cuff should be placed directly on the bare upper arm, just above the elbow.

Incorrect procedures can significantly affect blood pressure readings. For example, a cuff placed over clothing can increase the reading by up to 50 mm Hg, potentially misclassifying someone with mild hypertension as being in a hypertensive crisis. Additionally, having to urinate can raise the reading by 15 mm Hg, and talking can add another 10 mm Hg.

A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine, led by researchers at Johns Hopkins, reinforces the importance of proper measurement techniques. The study examined blood pressure readings from 133 participants with a mean age of 57 years, under various arm positions. The results showed that incorrect arm positions, particularly having the arm lower than heart level, could raise systolic blood pressure readings by 4 to 10 mm Hg. This difference is enough to push some individuals into higher blood pressure categories inadvertently.

The authors of the study highlight the consequences of using improper arm positions during readings, including unnecessary follow-ups and overtreatment. To mitigate these issues, the study calls for increased training and education for healthcare providers on accurate blood pressure measurement techniques. Proper measurement is crucial for the management of hypertension and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.