The number of measles cases in Australia has surpassed the total reported cases in 2023, indicating a concerning trend of the highly contagious disease making a comeback in the country. Although experts suggest that a large-scale outbreak is unlikely, health authorities are urging Australians to check their vaccination records to ensure they are protected.

Measles, one of the world's most contagious diseases, was technically eliminated in Australia in 2014 due to successful immunization efforts. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) warns that countries with elimination status are still vulnerable to "disruptive" outbreaks if high immunization rates are not maintained.

Measles spreads through airborne transmission, making it highly infectious. Dr. Sanjaya Senanayake, an infectious diseases specialist and associate professor at the Australian National University, highlighted the contagious nature of the disease, stating that even a person with measles spending only 15 minutes in a hospital waiting room can expose others to the virus for the following two hours.

Symptoms of measles, which appear between 10 and 18 days after exposure, include a rash, runny nose, cough, sore eyes, and fever. While most people recover, measles can lead to complications such as ear infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain. In severe cases, it can result in death.

Australia has been successful in controlling measles due to widespread immunization. However, the recent surge in global measles cases has put health authorities on high alert. Approximately 50 countries are currently experiencing "large and disruptive" measles outbreaks, making it possible for the disease to be brought into Australia by Australians returning from overseas or international tourists.

The rise in measles cases globally can be attributed to a decline in vaccination coverage, particularly during the pandemic. According to the WHO, in 2022, only 83% of the world's children received one dose of the measles vaccine before their first birthday, the lowest level since 2008. Catch-up efforts are now deemed critical, especially in regions like the Western Pacific, where measles cases rose significantly in 2023.

To prevent the spread of measles, experts emphasize the importance of checking vaccination status, especially for individuals planning to travel abroad. Measles immunizations are recommended for babies at 12 months of age, and infants as young as six months can receive the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine before traveling to countries experiencing outbreaks. Two doses of the vaccine provide about 97% effectiveness, ensuring lifelong protection.

While a large measles outbreak in Australia seems unlikely, it is crucial for individuals to stay vigilant and take necessary precautions. By staying up-to-date with their vaccination status, Australians can contribute to the ongoing efforts in controlling the spread of this highly contagious disease.