The Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) has issued an alert to residents regarding a confirmed case of measles in an international visitor who traveled through Boston to Amsterdam. The individual was infectious and present in public locations that could have led to exposure for others.

Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease known for its easy transmission. The virus resides in the nose and throat and can be sprayed into the air when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or talks. It can remain in the air for up to two hours, allowing nearby individuals to inhale the virus.

Public Health Commissioner Robbie Goldstein, MD, PhD, emphasized the increasing global prevalence of measles outbreaks and urged unvaccinated individuals to take proactive measures. Goldstein stated, "People who are not vaccinated are at greater risk of infection. The best way to protect oneself from this disease is to ensure vaccination."

To mitigate potential risks, the DPH advises all individuals unsure of their measles immunization status to receive at least one dose of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Timely administration, specifically within 72 hours of exposure, may prevent the onset of measles. Those who receive vaccination beyond this window will still enjoy protection from subsequent exposures.

Efforts are underway by the DPH, local health departments, and healthcare providers to identify and contact individuals who may be at high risk of exposure due to interaction with the infected traveler. However, the challenge lies in pinpointing high-risk contacts during public transportation journeys.

In the event of exposure and lacking measles immunity, affected individuals may be subjected to quarantine for up to 21 days following the exposure. The DPH urges anyone who visited the specified locations during the indicated dates and times to contact their healthcare provider for confirmation of their immunization status.

Early symptoms of measles generally manifest 10 days to two weeks after exposure and may resemble a common cold, including fever, cough, runny nose, and red eyes. A characteristic rash appears on the skin two to four days after these initial symptoms develop, typically starting from the head and moving downwards. The rash lasts a few days and vanishes following the same upward pattern. Measles is contagious up to four days before the rash appears and for four days following its onset.

Locations and times where exposure may have occurred are detailed below:

- Healthcare facilities are advised that individuals who begin exhibiting measles symptoms should contact their healthcare provider before visiting any offices, clinics, or emergency departments, in order to minimize the risk presented to others. Should a visit to a healthcare facility become necessary, wearing a mask is strongly encouraged to help reduce transmission.

It is important to note that individuals who have had measles in the past or have received two doses of the vaccine are unlikely to develop measles even when exposed.

For further information, residents are advised to contact their local health department or reach out to the DPH at 617-983-6800. Additional details about measles can be found on the DPH's website.