Researchers at The University of Queensland have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the role of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in fear-related learning and memory. Their study, recently published in Nature Communications, reveals the intricate involvement of noncoding RNA Gas5 in influencing neuronal excitability, ultimately impacting the processes of learning and memory.

The research findings shed light on the complex world of RNA, highlighting RNA's crucial role in fine-tuning cellular functions within the brain. Professor Timothy Bredy from UQ's Queensland Brain Institute emphasized the remarkable ability of RNA molecules to influence cellular function in real-time, mirroring the changes that occur in synaptic function during learning.

Gas5, a noncoding RNA, was found to coordinate the trafficking and clustering of RNA molecules inside neuronal processes, thereby orchestrating neuronal excitability and contributing to learning and memory. This discovery offers new insights into the role of Gas5 in fear extinction memory, a critical factor in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

In another study conducted by the Bredy Lab, synapse-specific m6A-modified RNAs were identified. These RNAs play a vital role in synaptic plasticity, which is crucial for fear extinction memory and has implications for PTSD treatment. The research team discovered several new synapse-specific RNAs that possess the chemical tag N6-methyladenosine (m6A).

Dr. Sachithrani Madugalle, lead author of the study, highlighted the significance of m6A-modified RNAs in regulating synaptic plasticity and the formation of new memories. The team identified the functional role of one such RNA called Malat1, uncovering its interaction with key proteins involved in fear extinction memory. Malat1, when chemically decorated with m6A, can influence the mechanisms underlying fear extinction memory formation.

This groundbreaking research provides a deeper understanding of how RNA impacts brain function, particularly in the context of learning, memory, and fear extinction. It also paves the way for the development of RNA-based therapeutic approaches for PTSD and phobias.

The researchers utilized an innovative tool to manipulate the functional state of RNA molecules in their studies. Collaborating with Professor Bryan Dickinson and Dr. Simone Rauch from the University of Chicago, they aim to harness the power of RNA to control synaptic function and potentially develop an RNA therapeutic for the treatment of PTSD and phobias.

This groundbreaking research brings us one step closer to unlocking the mysteries of the brain and may pave the way for new RNA-based therapies to address the challenges posed by PTSD and related conditions. The further exploration of RNA's role in brain function promises exciting advancements in the field of neuroscience.