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In a pivotal encounter at the G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer held discussions with Chinese President Xi Jinping, underscoring the necessity of a robust UK-China relationship amid a backdrop of strained relations since 2018. This in-person dialogue marks a significant attempt to rebuild diplomatic bridges and explore mutual interests.

Highlighting key issues, Sir Keir addressed concerns surrounding Jimmy Lai, a detained pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong, pointing to a troubling "deterioration" in Lai's health. The Prime Minister also advocated for enhanced business collaboration, citing international stability, climate change, and economic growth as critical areas for joint effort.

At the outset, Sir Keir emphasized his desire for the UK to be a “consistent, durable, and respectful” partner, avoiding any unexpected turns in their bilateral engagements. In turn, President Xi responded via a translator, advocating for mutual respect and openness, and identifying potential cooperation in trade, investment, clean energy, financial services, and healthcare.

The closed-door meeting's summary highlighted their shared commitment to global stability, economic cooperation, and a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Climate change was a focal point, with Sir Keir seeking China's backing in global environmental efforts, especially considering President-elect Trump's anticipated rollback of green policies.

Despite these collaborative ambitions, Sir Keir maintained a firm stance on upholding UK's national interests. He voiced the UK's criticisms of China's support for Russia in the Ukraine conflict, and addressed contentious issues like human rights abuses and the situation in Hong Kong.

The dialogue builds on an initial phone call between the leaders following Labour's electoral victory, with Sir Keir proposing a more comprehensive bilateral meeting either in Beijing or London. Furthermore, plans were made for Chancellor Rachel Reeves to visit Beijing next year to discuss economic and financial cooperation with Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng.

However, the interactions drew scrutiny from Conservative shadow foreign secretary Priti Patel, who insisted that Sir Keir should more robustly defend national interests, especially on human rights issues in Hong Kong.

The encounter follows a series of high-level engagements, including Foreign Secretary David Lammy's talks in Beijing last month. Reinforcing the significance of this G20 assembly, Dr Yu Jie of Chatham House noted the potential thawing in UK-China relations after a six-year freeze, indicating a possible trade deal despite ongoing diplomatic tensions. Dr Yu also cautioned that US pressure might impact the UK’s stance on China.

Sir Keir reiterated the importance of international support for Ukraine amid ongoing Russian aggression, urging G20 nations to bolster their assistance to avert "unfathomable consequences" of a Russian victory. The summit unfolds against the backdrop of escalating hostilities in Ukraine and a recent US authorization of long-range missile use by Ukraine against Russia.

This renewed engagement between the UK and China, spearheaded by Sir Keir's pragmatic approach, aims to navigate the complexities of global diplomacy while steadfastly advocating for human rights and economic cooperation.