In a recent book titled "The Stadium: An American History of Politics, Protests, and Play," Columbia University historian Frank Andre Guridy explores the profound impact that stadiums have had on American society. Guridy argues that stadiums serve as public squares, where Americans engage in political battles and stake their claims on what they want the United States to be. From controversial events like a pro-Nazi rally at Madison Square Garden in the 1920s to Colin Kaepernick's kneeling protest in 2016, stadiums have been the backdrop for discussions of race, class, gender, and inequality.

Guridy traces the evolution of stadiums, from their early days as circus tents and wooden ballparks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, typically funded by entrepreneurs. However, in recent years, there has been a trend towards taxpayer-funded stadiums, despite the debunking of the notion that they generate economic development.

The historian also highlights the increasing homogenization of stadiums, with corporate names, repetitive advertisements, and standardized design. This, he argues, has resulted in a lack of distinctiveness, making many of these facilities feel generic and indistinguishable.

The article highlights how stadiums became the sites of major social and political transformation during the desegregation era. Guridy points out that ballparks, like Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, marked significant shifts in American society, not only through the presence of African American athletes like Jackie Robinson but also as a result of decades-long struggles for desegregation and the elimination of Jim Crow laws.

The American national anthem and the flag also became deeply intertwined with stadium culture. Originally performed in public places in the early 20th century, "The Star-Spangled Banner" became the national anthem in 1931. Regular performances of the anthem before sporting events increased in the aftermath of World Wars I and II, reinforcing national loyalty during times of war. Other patriotic songs, such as "America the Beautiful," were also introduced during significant events like 9/11.

The article further delves into the militarized nationalism embedded in stadium culture. Guridy discusses how patriotic celebrations began to include honoring the military and law enforcement. This convergence resulted in a narrowing of patriotic expression and a reduction in tolerance for dissent.

Additionally, the article emphasizes the impact stadiums have had on the LGBTQ+ community. It cites the Disco Demolition event in Chicago's Comiskey Park in 1979, which was marked by homophobia and resulted in a riot. However, the LGBTQ+ community fought back, leading to the creation of the Gay Games in San Francisco in the early 1980s, a platform that showcased the athletic talents of gays and lesbians.

Guridy also raises concerns about the increasing dominance of VIP sections in stadiums, which limit access and reduce the space available for average sports fans. Despite the availability of digital platforms for viewing games, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of fans in stadiums, emphasizing the need for the communal experience that these facilities provide.

Stadiums, as institutions, hold a significant place in American history and culture. Guridy suggests opening them up to a wider range of people, allowing for a more inclusive and diverse experience that aligns with their original purpose as places of congregation and community.

In conclusion, stadiums have played a pivotal role in shaping American history and culture. From being arenas for political battles to platforms for social transformation and expressions of patriotism, they have witnessed and contributed to the evolution of American society. However, Guridy's insights prompt a reflection on how these iconic structures can regain their uniqueness and create a more inclusive experience for sports fans.