In response to last year's unauthorized reentry of a capsule from Varda Space Industries, the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is tightening its launch license requirements. The updated regulations, applicable from April 17, 2024, now mandate that any payload designed for reentry must obtain reentry authorization before a launch is authorized.

The FAA's decision to include reentry authorization in the license requirements is driven by concerns over public safety and the understanding that reentry vehicles will inevitably return to Earth after launch. The safety evaluation of the reentry process prior to launch is seen as crucial by the FAA.

The incident that prompted these changes occurred last year when Varda Space Industries launched its W-1 mission without obtaining the necessary license for the capsule's return to US soil. Although the mission received permission to launch from the FAA, the authorization for reentry was missing. As a result, the mission had to be extended beyond its original duration.

The W-1 mission, which primarily utilized a Rocket Lab Photon satellite bus, was successfully launched into orbit according to the rules provided by the FAA. Varda Space Industries, taking to social media, highlighted that they had followed all the requirements and received formal written permission from the FAA for the launch. The company further stated that they would continue working with the FAA and other federal regulators as policies regarding reentry operations evolve.

The FAA's updated requirements aim to prevent future situations where capsules are launched without proper authorization for their return. The agency recognizes that factors such as propellant constraints or component failures may affect a reentry vehicle's mission, but unless the vehicle's orbit can be raised significantly, reentry is inevitable.

By embracing a more proactive approach to evaluating the safety of reentry prior to launch, the FAA hopes to ensure enhanced public safety and adherence to licensing regulations. These updates will help minimize disruptions and prevent extended missions due to the absence of reentry authorization.

As technology continues to advance rapidly in the space industry, regulatory bodies like the FAA are adapting their policies to keep up with the evolving landscape and secure the safety of all parties involved. The new regulations are expected to provide clarity and accountability for upcoming reentry missions, fostering responsible and compliant practices within the industry.