In a joint Sino-French mission to study Gamma-ray bursts, a Long March 2C rocket carrying the SVOM astrophysics satellite lifted off from Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 22, 2024. However, this launch had an unexpected consequence as toxic rocket debris fell over a populated area, causing concerns for the safety of nearby residents.

The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) declared the launch to be successful shortly after liftoff. SVOM, a collaborative effort between the China National Space Administration (CNSA) and France's Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), aims to explore high-energy electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray and gamma-ray ranges using advanced science payloads developed jointly by both countries.

The launch video posted on the social media site Sina Weibo depicted a rocket booster plunging towards a populated area, prompting people in the vicinity to seek cover. Reports indicated that the booster fell near Guiding County in Guizhou province. An airspace closure notice had indicated a temporary danger area encompassing Guiding County.

Concerns were raised regarding the use of hypergolic propellant in the Long March 2C rocket. The propellant consists of a volatile combination of nitrogen tetroxide and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), which can be harmful on contact with individuals. Analysis of the video footage revealed reddish-brown gas, likely nitrogen tetroxide, and yellowish gas, potentially a mix of hydrazine fuel and air.

Rocket debris falling during launches has been a recurring issue for China's inland launch sites. The strategic selection of these sites during the Cold War aimed to provide protection during times of heightened tensions with the United States and the Soviet Union. Authorities typically issue warnings and evacuation notices for areas at risk of falling debris, minimizing the potential for injuries.

The SVOM mission launch marked China's 29th launch of the year, as the country aims to achieve approximately 100 launches in 2024, including about 30 commercial missions. The incident has prompted further scrutiny and a call for enhanced safety measures during future launches to prevent the recurrence of such incidents.

As investigations continue into the rocket debris incident, both the CNSA and CNES are expected to address the concerns raised regarding public safety and take necessary measures to ensure the success and safety of future missions.