In recent weeks, the Red Sea has witnessed a surge in attacks on cargo vessels, prompting concerns about the safety of commercial shipping in the area. These attacks, carried out by gunmen using helicopters and speedboats, have raised questions about the effectiveness of current security measures and the potential role of new technologies in mitigating risks.

The most notable incident occurred at the end of November when Iran-backed Houthi rebels hijacked the Galaxy Leader, a car carrier, in the Red Sea. This act of piracy, captured on video by the attackers, highlighted the increasing military activity in the region associated with the Israel-Gaza war. While the crew of the Galaxy Leader remains captive, other vessels have reported incidents such as missile attacks and armed men firing upon them.

Efforts to secure merchant vessels from acts of violence have been ongoing for years, with various technologies and tactics deployed to combat threats. One such technology is the long-range acoustic device (LRAD), developed by Genasys. The LRADs are capable of projecting sound up to 3,000m (9,843ft) and can be used for long-range communication or to emit disorienting tones at high volumes. While LRAD systems have been installed on some large commercial vessels, their effectiveness in real-world scenarios remains a subject of debate.

Security measures outlined in the Best Management Practices 5 (BMP 5) guide provide additional guidance for ship owners. Recommendations include strengthening doors and windows, maintaining clear visibility from the bridge, and implementing deterrents like razor wire and barrier systems. The guide even suggests using well-constructed dummies to create the illusion of a larger crew.

However, some technologies that were once considered potential solutions have fallen out of use. BAE Systems' laser-based warning device, capable of deterring pirates up to 2,000m (1.2 miles) away, is no longer deployed on merchant vessels. QinetiQ's special net, which could be launched from helicopters to disable attacking boats, is also no longer available for merchant shipping.

Water cannons have been used in the past as a strategy against pirates, but doubts have been raised about their efficacy against heavily armed attackers. Another unconventional approach considered was spraying attackers with unpleasant chemicals, although this method was never deployed during an actual incident.

The use of armed guards on board is seen as an effective deterrent, as pirates are inclined to avoid risks and focus on obtaining money. However, maritime security experts stress that armed security teams may not engage with state-backed or politically motivated attackers, given the potential legal implications and risks involved.

The recent increase in attacks on cargo vessels in the Red Sea has sparked concerns about the safety of maritime trade routes. While various security measures and technologies have been employed to protect commercial shipping, the effectiveness and continued development of these tactics remain under scrutiny. As the threat to vessels persists, the search for innovative solutions to ensure the safety of cargo ships will undoubtedly continue.