### New Research Reveals Oral Hygiene's Crucial Role in Preventing Certain Cancers

A recent study highlights a compelling connection between oral hygiene and the risk of developing head and neck cancers (HNCs) among Gen X and millennial Americans. The research indicates that basic daily practices such as brushing and flossing could significantly lower the likelihood of these types of cancers.

HNCs encompass a range of cancers affecting the oral and nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, and thyroid. They represent nearly 3% of cancer diagnoses and over 1.5% of cancer deaths in the United States. Previous studies have established a link between gum disease-causing bacteria and increased risks for diabetes and heart disease.

Dr. Todd Ross, a dentist and adjunct clinical assistant professor at NYU College of Dentistry, emphasizes that oral health can provide valuable insights into overall health. Until recently, however, the specific oral bacteria associated with HNCs were not well understood.

Led by Soyoung Kwak, a postdoctoral fellow in population health at NYU, researchers studied the diets, lifestyles, and medical histories of about 160,000 Americans, collecting and analyzing their saliva samples. Over a period of 15 years, 236 participants were diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. By comparing the oral microbes of these individuals with 458 cancer-free participants, the team identified 13 bacterial species that increased cancer risk by 30%. Combined with five other species linked to gum disease, the risk rose to 50%.

Though the study establishes a correlation, not a direct causation, between bacteria and cancer, the findings open new avenues for future research. The next steps involve exploring the mechanisms by which these bacteria contribute to cancer and developing effective interventions.

Co-author and population health expert Professor Richard Hayes from NYU underlines the importance of good oral hygiene. He notes that brushing and flossing not only help prevent periodontal disease but may also guard against head and neck cancer.

The American Cancer Society has highlighted that 40% of cancer cases and nearly half of cancer deaths among American adults aged 30 and older could be preventable through lifestyle changes. Oral cancers, which are increasing in younger generations, may also be influenced by human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV type 16 is a significant contributor, leading to around 90% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP-SCC) cases, a cancer primarily affecting the oropharynx and tonsils.

Additionally, current research shows that marijuana use can raise the risk of HNCs by 3.5 to 5 times, and alcohol consumption further exacerbates cancer risks. Moreover, maintaining good oral hygiene has been associated with a reduced risk of dementia.

In light of these revelations, the emphasis on oral health is more pressing than ever, suggesting that daily dental care could play a critical role in preventing not just dental issues, but serious health conditions as well.