In a newly-released study published in JAMA Network Open, researchers have discovered a potential connection between belly fat and premature death. The study focused on the Body Roundness Index (BRI), a newly developed method to determine health risk, and its association with all-cause mortality.

The study, which utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, included 32,995 adults with an average age of 47. The participants were from various racial and ethnic backgrounds, including Mexican-American, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and other races and ethnicities.

Researchers examined the mortality rates through December 31, 2019, by linking data from the NHANES survey to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) database. They also considered factors such as age, sex, race and ethnicity, education level, income, smoking and drinking habits, as well as family history of heart disease and diabetes.

Using the BRI, which incorporates height, weight, and waist circumference, the researchers observed a U-shaped association between BRI and deaths. Participants who fell into the highest quintile (Q5), indicating a higher level of visceral fat, were found to be 50% more likely to die from any cause compared to the reference group (Q3). Surprisingly, individuals in the lowest quintile (Q1), suggesting very low visceral fat, had a 25% higher risk of premature death compared to Q3, particularly among those aged 65 and older.

The study's findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy range of visceral fat. Excessive belly fat has been linked to various chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. This risk still applies even to individuals with a "normal" weight or BMI, as fat distribution within the body can vary.

Fortunately, there are measures individuals can take to manage their visceral fat. Adhering to a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, healthy fats, and fiber, such as the Mediterranean diet, coupled with regular physical activity, can help combat visceral fat accumulation. Additionally, getting adequate sleep and managing stress levels effectively also contribute to maintaining a healthy waistline.

The study's results emphasize the importance of overall lifestyle and wellness in reducing the risk of premature death. Regardless of genetics or stage of life, individuals can make positive changes to promote a healthier body composition and decrease the likelihood of detrimental health outcomes associated with excess belly fat.

Further research is needed to establish standardized categories and ranges for the BRI. However, this study provides valuable insights into the potential risks of belly fat and serves as a reminder that taking proactive steps towards a healthier lifestyle can have profound effects on long-term health and well-being.

Source:

Reference: JAMA Network Open. (2024, June 5). Body Roundness Index and Risk of Premature All-Cause Mortality. JAMA Network Open. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2808379