According to a report called the Fifth National Climate Assessment, climate change is expected to bring about several large-scale changes, including rising temperatures, rising sea levels, melting ice, changing rainfall patterns, and shifts in seasonal events. One of the potential consequences of these changes is the possible arrival of new diseases and invasive species in Massachusetts.

Gregg Furie, the director of sustainability at Brigham and Women's Hospital, has expressed concerns about the changing geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases, such as those carried by mosquitoes and ticks. With the warming climate, there is a possibility that the local environment in Massachusetts could become suitable for the populations of disease-carrying insects. Diseases like dengue, which is transmitted by mosquitoes, could potentially reach the state for the first time. Dengue symptoms include fever, body aches, pain behind the eyes, and in severe cases, internal bleeding and organ failure.

To monitor and assess the risk of these diseases, the Mosquito Control District plans to begin surveillance and sampling of mosquitoes in the region this summer. By identifying the species present and testing for disease prevalence, they hope to stay ahead of potential outbreaks.

In addition to the concern over vector-borne diseases, experts are also warning about the potential arrival of Joro spiders to the Northeast. These large spiders, known for their ability to glide through the air, have been spotted as far north as Maryland. While they have not been observed in Massachusetts, ecologists and invasive species experts predict their eventual spread to the eastern U.S. With warming winters in the region, the Joro spiders might find conditions more favorable for survival and reproduction.

José R. Ramírez-Garofalo, an ecologist at Rutgers University, and David Coyle, an invasive species expert at the University of Clemson, both anticipate the spiders' expansion into the eastern U.S. based on their adaptable nature. Previously, the cold winters in Massachusetts acted as a natural barrier, but with rising temperatures, the spiders' ability to survive winters might change.

Gregg Furie urges individuals and institutions to take action to mitigate the effects of climate change. This includes making mindful choices in transportation, reducing meat consumption, opting for renewable energy sources, and supporting politicians who prioritize aggressive climate change policies.

While the future impact of climate change remains uncertain, experts emphasize the need for adaptability and preparedness in addressing new and changing threats. Climate impacts on human health, such as the recent effects of wildfire smoke, are often unpredictable. It is crucial to stay vigilant and responsive to emerging challenges to safeguard public health.

As Massachusetts faces the potential risks of vector-borne diseases and the arrival of Joro spiders, proactive measures and a collective effort will be vital in minimizing their impact on the community.