In recent months, Japan has experienced a concerning surge in cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), a rapidly developing and potentially fatal bacterial infection. The majority of cases have been caused by the "group A streptococcus" bacterium and have predominantly affected individuals in their 30s or older. STSS can lead to necrosis of the limbs and multiple organ failure, making early detection and treatment crucial.

According to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan, the preliminary number of STSS cases recorded since the beginning of this year has already reached 977 as of June 2. This marks a significant 2.8-fold increase compared to the same period last year, surpassing the total of 941 cases reported in the entirety of 2020, which was already the highest number previously recorded.

While it is commonly understood that STSS enters the body through wounds or small cuts, medical professionals have found it difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of infection in some cases. Tokyo Women's Medical University Professor Kikuchi Ken noted that symptoms could rapidly develop after a bruise, presenting as swelling of body parts and high fever. The cause of infection, in certain instances, remains unidentified.

This rise in STSS cases is raising concerns among healthcare professionals, as it indicates a potentially new phenomenon occurring in Japan. Professor Kikuchi has urged the public to seek immediate medical attention if they experience rapidly spreading swelling or feelings of drowsiness, as these symptoms require urgent intervention.

One patient, Tabata Toshinaru, in his 40s, shared his experience with STSS. He developed fever and fatigue after work as a beautician, followed by swelling and pain in his right shoulder. Despite visiting multiple medical institutions, the cause of his symptoms could not be identified. On the third day, his kidney function began deteriorating, leading to feelings of nausea and the cessation of urination. It wasn't until he visited a university hospital on the fourth day that he received a diagnosis of STSS, with infected tissue showing necrotic characteristics. An immediate operation was necessary for his treatment.

Tabata expressed his frustration at the lack of clarity regarding the infection's cause, as there was no apparent injury. The reasons behind the sharp increase in STSS cases in Japan remain uncertain. Professor Kikuchi suggests that weakened immune systems, possibly as a result of reduced exposure to bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic, may be contributing to the spike in infections.

As Japan grapples with this record high number of STSS cases, it is imperative for healthcare providers and authorities to take appropriate measures to ensure early detection, proper treatment, and public awareness. Efforts to strengthen immune systems and timely medical interventions are crucial in mitigating the spread of this dangerous bacterial infection.