Scientists have made a significant discovery that could lead to a cheap and simple test for autism. The study, conducted at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, found consistent differences in the gut microbiome between individuals with autism and those without the condition.

The findings offer hope for early detection and intervention in autism cases, potentially reducing the time it takes to receive a confirmed diagnosis. Currently, it can take three to four years for a diagnosis, with most children being diagnosed at six years old.

The study involved analyzing stool samples from 1,627 children aged one to 13, including both autistic and non-autistic individuals. By examining the types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes present in the samples, researchers discovered that gut microbes differed significantly in children with autism.

Using machine learning, the scientists were able to identify autistic children with up to 82% accuracy, based on 31 specific microbes and biological functions in the digestive system. The study also revealed disruptions in various metabolic pathways related to energy and neurodevelopment in autistic children.

While the exact link between gut microbiome and autism is still debated, the study suggests that the microbiome could play a role in modulating immune responses, neurotransmitter production, and metabolic pathways. This opens up the possibility of personalized interventions using diet or probiotics, which could establish a more diverse microbiome in individuals with autism.

The researchers are now conducting a clinical trial to determine if stool samples can be used to identify autistic children as young as one year old. If successful, this could revolutionize early autism detection and provide a noninvasive diagnostic tool.

Experts in the field have praised the study's potential impact on autism diagnosis. Dr. Dominic Farsi from King's College London described the results as having "great potential" and Dr. Elizabeth Lund, an independent consultant in nutrition and gastrointestinal health, emphasized the need for further research but expressed excitement about the prospect of a more streamlined diagnostic process.

This breakthrough study offers new hope for the millions of individuals affected by autism spectrum disorder. With further research and validation, the use of stool samples to identify autism at an early age could pave the way for improved therapeutic strategies and provide much-needed support to those diagnosed.