In a recent review of scientific literature, a team of plant pathologists and toxicologists has shed light on the presence of harmful fungal toxins in cannabis. The study highlights potential health risks associated with these toxins, particularly for individuals with weakened immune systems. The findings reveal that certain types of fungi, namely Aspergillus and Fusarium, not only pose direct infection threats but also produce toxins that can persist throughout the manufacturing process and remain present in many cannabis products.

Currently, there are no state or national testing mandates for Fusarium toxins in cannabis, and the regulations pertaining to Aspergillus toxins vary significantly. This lack of standardized testing protocols leaves a significant gap in ensuring the safety of cannabis products consumed by individuals seeking health benefits.

The research team discovered that fungal toxin levels surpass acceptable regulatory limits for other food crops in hemp flowers and specific cannabis products. Of concern is Aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by Aspergillus, which is associated with cannabis consumption. However, the study reveals that Fusarium toxins in cannabis could potentially present a greater risk to human and animal health. Researchers have identified 16 species of Fusarium in cannabis flowers, many of which produce toxins that can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cancer, reproductive disruption, and kidney impairment.

It is worth noting that individuals with immune disorders are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of these toxins. A survey conducted among 225 organ transplant professionals in 2016 showed that 43% of respondents reported cases of fungal infections in patients who used marijuana, highlighting the potential repercussions for immunocompromised individuals.

Currently, regulations regarding fungal toxins in cannabis products are inconsistent across states. Testing for Aspergillus varies, with acceptable toxin levels ranging from zero tolerance to no action. Testing methods used by many states do not differentiate between harmful and harmless fungi, making it difficult to regulate individual pathogens. Similarly, despite the severe symptoms that Fusarium toxins can cause in people and animals, they are not regulated in hemp or cannabis, although they are monitored in major food crops like corn and wheat.

Controlling fungi in crops is crucial for promoting both plant and human health. However, due to restrictions on hemp cultivation in the past and the lack of research funds, disease management strategies remain poorly defined. The use of resistant cultivars can be an effective and environmentally friendly approach to tackling plant diseases, but how cannabis develops resistance to pathogens is still poorly understood.

There is an urgent need for additional research to address knowledge gaps surrounding cannabis pathogens and fungal toxins, as well as the development of more consistent methods for regulating medicinal cannabis. Until consumer safety can be guaranteed, diligent efforts must be made to better understand and address the potential risks posed by harmful fungal toxins in cannabis products.