Researchers have recently conducted an intriguing study on prehistoric chewing gum discovered in Sweden, which offers valuable insights into the diet and dental health of early humans in Scandinavia. Published in the journal Scientific Reports, the study examined three pieces of chewed pitch, dating back approximately 9,500 years, that were found on the island of Orust, off the western coast of Sweden.

The ancient chewing gum, alongside stone tools, was unearthed three decades ago and has now been linked, through DNA analysis, to three teenage individuals who likely lived as hunters, gatherers, and fishers in the area. These gum samples contain the oldest known human genetic material in Scandinavia, showcasing the lifestyles of these ancient hunter-gatherer communities.

Remarkably, the DNA analysis of the gum revealed indications of poor oral hygiene among the group. Researchers reconstructed ancient bacterial genomes and identified significant amounts of oral pathogens, including the presence of Streptococcus bacteria, which can cause dental cavities. They also found an abundance of other bacteria, such as Actinomyces and Treponema.

These findings correspond with existing knowledge about ancient populations in Sweden. The study authors explain that the low population density during the Mesolithic period limited the spread of pandemic-causing microbes among humans. However, the presence of bacteria from sources other than humans, including those responsible for systemic diseases like infective endocarditis, was not restricted. Researchers theorize that the use of teeth as tools likely increased the risk of collecting periodontitis-causing oral microbes.

Furthermore, the analysis of the gum revealed traces of various plants and animals, suggesting the recent consumption of these resources by the individuals. This highlights the diverse diet of these hunter-gatherer communities.

Anders Götherström, one of the study authors, expressed excitement about the research's findings, stating that they offer an "amazing" window into the lives of a small group of hunter-gatherers on the Scandinavian west coast.

This study provides valuable insights into the ancient human populations of Sweden, shedding light on their dietary habits, dental health, and the challenges they faced with oral hygiene. The discovery and analysis of these ancient chewing gum samples showcase the significance of studying unconventional artifacts to unravel humanity's ancient secrets.