The face-to-face interactions mark a significant shift in the historically hostile relationship between the two nations, which have been adversaries for decades in the volatile Middle East.

According to five individuals familiar with the situation, these discussions build upon prior indirect communications facilitated by intermediaries. These back-channel conversations gained momentum following the December overthrow of Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad by Islamist rebels Hayat Tahrir al-Sham. The meetings, which have taken place in territory controlled by Israel, signal a noteworthy attempt to stabilize relations under the auspices of the new Islamist rulers in Damascus, encouraged by the United States.

On the Syrian side, the dialogue has been spearheaded by senior security official Ahmad al-Dalati, who was recently appointed governor of Quneitra province, adjacent to the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. The sources also indicate that Dalati has taken on additional responsibilities for security in Sweida province, a southern region with a significant Druze population.

While it remains unclear who represents Israel in these talks, sources suggest that Israeli security officials are involved. Three sources confirmed multiple rounds of meetings, reflecting a serious commitment to addressing security concerns in the border region.

Syrian interim president Ahmed al-Sharaa recently acknowledged these indirect discussions with Israel, emphasizing their purpose of easing tensions. This admission came after reports that the UAE was playing a mediating role. The Syrian government has shown a willingness to prevent its territory from becoming a threat to Israel, as evidenced by its arrest of two Palestinian Islamic Jihad members and outreach to the Jewish community.

The United States has played a pivotal role in this diplomatic shift. A recent meeting between US President Donald Trump and Sharaa in Riyadh has been described as transformative, suggesting a new policy direction that encourages Israel to seek common ground with the current Syrian leadership.

While the principal focus of these direct talks is on achieving security and reducing immediate border conflicts, there is cautious optimism that they might eventually lead to broader political agreements. Trump's post-meeting comments hinted at a potential for future normalization of relations, although this remains a long-term goal.

The recent quieting of violence in regions like Sweida, which had been a hotspot for clashes between Druze factions and Sunni fighters, indicates a tentative step towards stability. This calm has been bolstered by Israel reducing its aerial bombardments and ceasing aggressive actions in response to threats against the Druze community.

Syria's overtures include symbolic gestures of goodwill, such as the approval to return items belonging to the late Israeli spy Eli Cohen. These actions underscore a commitment to transforming the historically contentious relationship into one characterized by a mutual desire for peace and security.