In response to recent cases of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), ten communities in Massachusetts have been identified as being at high or critical risk. The disease, a rare yet dangerous mosquito-borne illness, claimed the life of a man in New Hampshire this month, while two individuals in Massachusetts and Vermont have also fallen ill. As a result, residents in these at-risk areas are taking extra precautions to minimize exposure to mosquitoes.

Sue Ryan, a resident of Plymouth, Mass. and a part of one of the high-risk communities, is among those who have drastically adjusted their routines. Ms. Ryan stated that she has "changed everything," including avoiding outdoor activities after dark and ceasing gardening altogether until further notice. Her commitment to following the rules echoes the sentiments of many residents who are heeding the advice of public health officials.

Although Plymouth's parks, swimming ponds, and playgrounds still bustle with activity, numerous residents have started taking measures to protect themselves from mosquito bites. The virus responsible for EEE cannot be transmitted from person to person, and most individuals who are bitten by an infected mosquito never exhibit any symptoms. However, for the few who do fall ill, the consequences can be severe, including brain inflammation, neurological damage, coma, or even death. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific treatment available.

Massachusetts has reported a total of 41 human cases of EEE between 2003 and 2023, surpassing any other state in the country. Michigan and Florida follow closely behind with 22 and 24 cases respectively. The southeastern part of Massachusetts has experienced several severe outbreaks in the past, with the most devastating occurring in 1938, resulting in the deaths of 25 individuals, mostly children. In a more recent incident in August 2006, a 9-year-old boy from Middleborough, Mass. lost his life to the virus.

Derek Ashworth, who was infected with EEE during the 2006 outbreak, is a rare survivor of the disease. Mr. Ashworth, now 41, experienced seizures and fell into a coma for six days. Although he recovered without any lasting damage, he remains vigilant when outdoors and takes precautions to protect his three young sons. While Mr. Ashworth raises awareness about the disease, he emphasizes the need for adapting to and living with nature rather than succumbing to fear.

The introduction of aerial spraying of pesticides in high-risk communities such as Plymouth has garnered mixed reactions among residents. Some express concern over the potential health effects of such spraying, while others remain more focused on the threat posed by the virus itself. The closure of parks and playing fields during nighttime hours has caused discomfort for some, drawing comparisons to previous government-imposed lockdowns and mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Despite the division of opinions, the absence of any reported EEE cases in Plymouth prompts skepticism from residents like Mike Pimental. Emphasizing that a mosquito bite is not a death sentence, Mr. Pimental questions the necessity of extreme measures. However, even he acknowledges having been influenced by the discussions on risk, as he found himself wearing a coat on the previous night's walk with his dog.

While precautions and concerns surrounding EEE persist, adjustments and flexibility have become essential for communities facing this threat. High school football games have been rescheduled to afternoons or weekends, sparking debates among residents. Yet, the adaptability shown by students who have experienced the disruptions caused by the pandemic has played a role in their acceptance of the changes.

As communities strive to strike a delicate balance between safety and normalcy, the lingering specter of Eastern equine encephalitis serves as a reminder of the challenges posed by infectious diseases. Ultimately, the goal remains to navigate the risks, protect public health, and enable communities to continue thriving, even in the face of such threats.