In a week of intense weather conditions, powerful atmospheric rivers made their way towards the West Coast, prompting weather advisories and the possibility of flooding and damage. Satellite images captured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration showcased the enormous storms as they approached the coast, carrying substantial amounts of water vapor.

Atmospheric rivers, long regions in the atmosphere that transport water, were responsible for the imminent threat. The volume of water vapor they transport is comparable to the average flow of water at the mouth of the Mississippi River, according to NOAA. When these atmospheric rivers make landfall and release the accumulated water, they can lead to severe flooding.

The Weather Channel reported that there are typically three to seven atmospheric rivers across the globe at any given time. While they occur beyond the West Coast of the U.S., the region is particularly familiar with one called the "Pineapple Express." Forming in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii, this atmospheric river is notorious for delivering heavy rainfall and snow to the West Coasts of the U.S. and Canada.

This week, the West Coast experienced consecutive storms along the Pineapple Express. The Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes predicted that northern California and parts of the central and southern regions would receive three to five inches of rain, with some areas witnessing over six inches. The Sierra Nevada mountain range was also in line to receive two feet of snow, with higher elevations potentially accumulating more than three feet.

On Thursday morning, Northern California, including Sacramento, was hit with strong winds, rain, and snow. Dangerous travel conditions prompted road restrictions, and a fallen tree marked the fierce winds in the state's capital. Sonoma and Marin counties, part of the Bay Area, were placed under flood advisories, while Santa Clara and Sonoma counties saw closures on parts of highways due to mudslides triggered by the storm.

While these atmospheric rivers pose a threat of flooding and damage, they also play a crucial role in replenishing water supplies. The rain and snow they bring can help fill reservoirs, providing relief in times of drought. NOAA mentioned that snowfall was expected in the mountains during this week, with the potential to contribute significantly to reservoir levels once melted.

Last winter, California faced several consecutive atmospheric rivers, leading to approximately $4.6 billion in damages. To better understand and forecast these powerful storms, CBS News recently accompanied a group of hurricane hunters from NOAA. These scientists dropped instruments to collect data on wind speed, direction, temperature, and humidity, aiming to improve the accuracy of future forecasts.

As the planet continues to warm, it is anticipated that these powerful storms will grow even stronger. Efforts to monitor and understand atmospheric rivers will be vital in ensuring the safety and preparedness of affected regions in the future.