In the aftermath of the violent attacks on the legislative and judicial institutions in Brazil and the United States, a stark contrast in reactions has emerged, shedding light on the resilience of their respective democracies. While Brazil swiftly rejected the January 8, 2023 riot and demonstrated unity across the political spectrum, the United States remains divided, with a significant portion voicing support for the January 6, 2021 attack.

One year after the Brazilian riot, the country stands united against such actions, with only 6% of the population expressing support for the rioters, according to recent polls. This response is attributed to Brazil's strong democratic institutions and political leaders who unequivocally accepted the election results, despite their political affiliations. Former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, along with leaders from both left and right parties, demonstrated solidarity by marching together against the attack.

In contrast, the United States has witnessed increasing support for former president Donald Trump's narrative of the January 6 insurrection as a patriotic act. Recent polls indicate that 22% of Americans now support the attack. This stark disparity can be attributed to how Republican leaders responded to the election results, with some members of Congress voting against certifying President Joe Biden's victory. The subsequent attempts by Republicans to reshape the events as an inside job or a patriotic act have further deepened the polarization.

Analysts point to several factors that contribute to these contrasting reactions. Brazil's fragmented political landscape, with representation from 20 different parties in Congress, fosters a confrontational environment that allows for a wider range of views. In comparison, American conservatives are predominantly aligned within the Republican Party.

Media fragmentation also plays a role, with Brazil having a more centralized media landscape. The mainstream media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion, with Globo, a centrist news network, commanding a significant viewership. This commonality in news consumption fosters a greater agreement on facts among the Brazilian public.

Additionally, Brazil's Supreme Court has played a critical role in combating threats to democracy and maintaining public trust in the electoral process. By expanding its power to investigate and prosecute those seen as threats, the court has been able to counter claims of election fraud and disinformation. This proactive approach has resulted in a higher rate of tech companies complying with court orders to take down accounts promoting falsehoods.

Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who oversees the investigation into the January 8 riot, has been at the forefront of these efforts. His firm stance against the rioters has led to the charging of 1,350 individuals and the conviction of 30, with sentences ranging from 3 to 17 years. In comparison, the legal proceedings in the United States have been slower, with 1,240 individuals charged and 880 convicted or pleading guilty after three years. Sentences in the U.S. have ranged from a few days to 22 years.

While Brazil's response is seen as a resolute defense of democracy, some critics raise concerns about the Supreme Court's expanding power. Thirty conservative senators in Brazil recently questioned the court's growing authority, highlighting debates within legal circles about its actions. Constitutional law experts acknowledge the need for a strong response to the January 8 events but discuss potential implications of the court's expanded role.

As Brazil's former president Jair Bolsonaro faces criminal investigations, including one related to the January 8 riot, his political support has waned, leading him to largely abandon claims of voter fraud. In contrast, Donald Trump continues to amplify his false claims and enjoys backing from fellow Republicans. The divergent paths taken by these two leaders further contribute to the contrasting reactions to the riots within their respective countries.

The differing responses to the January riots in Brazil and the United States illuminate the critical role leadership plays in shaping public sentiment and maintaining trust in democratic institutions. Brazil's swift rejection of the attack, coupled with a proactive approach by the Supreme Court, showcases the resilience of its democracy. Meanwhile, the U.S. continues to grapple with divisions and alternate narratives, highlighting the challenges the country faces in the aftermath of the January 6 insurrection.