A new study has revealed that ultraprocessed plant-based foods are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and premature death. The research, published in the journal The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, utilized data from the UK Biobank and highlighted the importance of considering the degree of processing when making plant-based food choices.

The study, which included more than 118,000 participants aged between 40 and 69 years, found that consuming ultraprocessed plant-based foods raised the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by 5%. Additionally, it increased the risk of early death by 13%. However, replacing just 10% of these foods with fresh, frozen, or minimally processed plant options lowered the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by 7% and decreased the likelihood of dying from heart disease by 13%.

The authors noted that not all plant-based foods are created equal when it comes to health benefits. While a plant-based diet is generally considered beneficial for both individual health and the environment, the level of processing of these foods plays a significant role. Ultraprocessed foods undergo various industrial processes and often contain additives and contaminants that can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, further contributing to health risks.

Renata Levy, a researcher at the University of São Paulo, explained, "Food additives and industrial contaminants present in these foods might cause oxidative stress and inflammation, further aggravating the risks." Levy emphasized the need for a shift towards plant-based food choices that prioritize minimizing processing to improve cardiovascular health outcomes.

The study also investigated plant-based meat alternatives such as sausages, nuggets, and burgers, which fall into the category of ultraprocessed foods. However, it was challenging to determine the precise level of risk associated with these products. Peter Scarborough, a professor at the University of Oxford, stated that plant-based meat alternatives made up only 0.5% of the ultraprocessed plant-based foods studied in the research. He cautioned against concluding that plant-based meat alternatives are inherently detrimental to health.

Experts not involved in the study acknowledged that the findings align with established knowledge about healthy eating habits. Tom Sanders, a professor emeritus at King's College London, stated, "It is well accepted that well-balanced plant-based diets such as the Mediterranean or DASH diets are favorable for cardiovascular health." Sanders emphasized the importance of avoiding unhealthy foods, regardless of whether they are industrially produced or homemade.

The study underscores the crucial need for individuals to be mindful of the processing level of plant-based foods. While a plant-based diet can be highly beneficial, it is essential to prioritize whole, unprocessed or minimally processed options to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and promote overall health.