A recent study conducted by researchers has revealed that certain household chemicals may pose risks to the development of nerve cells, known as oligodendrocytes, and potentially lead to abnormal neurodevelopment. The findings, although based on mouse models and lab cultures, suggest the need for further investigations into the impact these chemicals might have on human health.

Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells in the brain responsible for producing myelin sheaths, which protect nerve cells and facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses. Understanding how environmental chemicals regulate these cells is crucial in comprehending the etiology of various diseases.

To assess the effect of different chemicals on oligodendrocyte development, the researchers generated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from mice, which are capable of developing into various cell types. They exposed these cells to 1,823 different chemicals and observed their impact. Surprisingly, more than 80% of the chemicals had no effect on oligodendrocyte development. However, 292 chemicals were found to kill oligodendrocytes, while 47 inhibited their generation.

Among the chemicals tested, two groups had adverse effects on oligodendrocytes. Organophosphate flame retardants, commonly found in electronics and furniture, hindered the generation of oligodendrocytes. Quaternary ammonium compounds, found in personal-care products and disinfectants, were found to be fatal for these cells.

In addition to these findings, the researchers tested whether the chemicals affected developing oligodendrocytes in mouse brains. They discovered that quaternary ammonium compounds successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier and accumulated in brain tissue. This led to the loss of oligodendrocyte cells in various brain regions, indicating potential risks to the developing brain.

To further corroborate the findings, the researchers examined the impact of the organophosphate flame retardant tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) on a human cortical organoid model. The chemical was found to reduce the number of mature oligodendrocytes by 70% and OPCs by 30%, suggesting that it hindered the maturation of these cells.

Unfortunately, these chemicals are widely used in everyday products. Dr. Jagdish Khubchandani, professor of public health at New Mexico State University, states that people are in contact with these chemicals regularly due to their use in various industries such as dyes, varnishes, textiles, resins, disinfectants, and personal care products. The study suggests that earlier alternatives for these chemicals have not been effective, leading to their increased usage.

The researchers also evaluated the exposure of children aged 3-11 to organophosphates using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was found that children with higher levels of bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propy) phosphate (BDCIPP) in their urine, a metabolite of organophosphates, were 2-6 times more likely to have special educational needs or motor dysfunction compared to those with lower levels. This indicates a positive association between exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and abnormal neurodevelopment.

To minimize exposure to these chemicals, experts advise reducing the use of products containing them at the household level, especially for pregnant women, children, and individuals with chronic diseases. As the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an exponential increase in the usage of disinfectants, alternative disinfectants such as caprylic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol should be considered to avoid excessive exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds.

While caution is advised in interpreting the findings, Dr. Sarkar, one of the researchers, suggests that this study serves as a foundation for future research. He emphasizes the importance of conducting epidemiological and fundamental studies to determine the direct impact of these compounds on associated diseases like multiple sclerosis and autism.

Further investigations are required to fully comprehend the implications of household chemicals and their potential risks to human health.