In a move that has sparked widespread criticism and unrest, the Indian government has finally implemented the highly controversial Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) that has been in the making for four years. This law, which singles out Muslims, comes just ahead of the general elections in which Prime Minister Narendra Modi is seeking a third term.

The CAA allows non-Muslims who fled religious persecution in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan and arrived in India before December 31, 2014, to become Indian citizens. Supporters argue that the law fulfills the promise of providing shelter and protection to religious minorities in neighboring countries. However, critics argue that it violates the secular principles enshrined in India's constitution and discriminates against Muslims.

The timing of the implementation of the CAA has raised concerns among opponents, who accuse Modi and his party of attempting to polarize the population ahead of the elections scheduled in April and May. Many worry that the law, combined with a proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC), could lead to the disownment or marginalization of India's Muslim population.

The NRC, already implemented in Assam, requires individuals to prove their citizenship through family documents dating back decades. Those who fail to produce the necessary evidence could face detention in camps and possible deportation. The CAA offers a path to citizenship for non-Muslims who fail to prove residency under the NRC, sparking further criticism for leaving Muslims out of the process.

Opposition parties have denounced the timing of the CAA's implementation, alleging that it is a deliberate attempt by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to polarize voters. Protests have erupted in states like Assam and Kerala, as well as in Muslim-dominated areas of the capital, Delhi. The clashes between anti-CAA protesters and police in 2019 resulted in over 100 deaths and thousands of injuries.

The government, however, denies allegations that the CAA targets Muslims or jeopardizes anyone's citizenship. It insists that the law is necessary to protect religious minorities facing persecution in their home countries. Additionally, the government claims that the delay in implementation was due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

As the implementation of the CAA stirs controversy and unrest across India, the nation prepares for crucial general elections that will determine the path of the country's future. The divisive nature of the law threatens to deepen existing divisions and ultimately shape the outcome of the electoral process.