A groundbreaking study has shed light on the most harmful risk factors for developing dementia, with alcohol intake, diabetes, and traffic-related air pollution identified as key factors. The study, published in Nature Communications, analyzed the brain scans of 40,000 participants aged over 45, examining 161 potential risk factors for dementia.

Contrary to popular belief, dementia is not a disease itself, but rather an umbrella term for a collection of symptoms that result from brain damage. The condition can have a severe impact on daily tasks and not just memory, such as speaking, moving, and understanding conversation.

The study highlighted 15 modifiable risk factors that individuals can control through lifestyle changes. These factors include blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, weight, alcohol consumption, smoking, depressive mood, inflammation, pollution, hearing, sleep, socialization, diet, physical activity, and education.

Among these factors, the study found that alcohol intake, diabetes, and traffic-related air pollution were the most harmful risk factors for developing dementia. While more research is needed to confirm the impact of these risk factors, experts believe they could explain why certain groups, such as those living in highly polluted areas, are more vulnerable to dementia.

Dr. Susan Mitchell of Alzheimer's Research UK emphasized the pressing need to promote good brain health and gain a deeper understanding of dementia prevention. With currently no available treatments to stop or slow the diseases causing dementia, there is an enormous opportunity to reduce its personal and societal impact. Dr. Mitchell noted that up to 40 percent of dementia cases are potentially preventable.

Notably, this is not the first time alcohol has been linked to dementia. Alzheimer's UK explains that excessive alcohol consumption can lead to a reduction in the brain's 'white matter,' which transmits signals between different brain regions. Furthermore, exceeding the recommended limit of 14 units per week over an extended period can result in a decline in thinking skills as individuals age.

The study's findings underscore the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors to reduce the risk of dementia. While further research is needed, this groundbreaking study provides valuable insights into prevention strategies and emphasizes the need for promoting good brain health.

If you or a loved one is concerned about dementia, support is available to help navigate this complex condition.